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জাতীয় বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় BA, BSS, BBA & BSC অনার্স ১ম বর্ষের [২০১৩-১৪ এর সিলেবাস অনুযায়ী] গদ্য কথাসাহিত্য সাজেশন অনার্স ১ম বর্ষের  [Introduction to Prose Fiction and Non-Fiction] Suggestion Honors 1st year Department of : ইংরেজি ও অন্য সকল বিভাগের Subject Code: 211107

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জাতীয় বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ের ইংরেজি বিভাগের ১ম বর্ষের শিক্ষার্থীদের জন্য। গুরুত্বপূর্ণ Introduction to Prose সাজেশন। বিষয় কোড: 211107. উত্তরমালাসহ সংগ্রহ করে নাও।

introduction to prose suggestion

Part-A : Brief Question with Answers
Francis Bacon

1. Whom does Bacon call ‘cymini sectores’ and why?
Ans. ‘Cymini sectores’ is a Latin phrase meaning ‘hair splitters’ and refers to the philosophers of the Middle Ages who could distinguish matters which are normally unnoticeable to a man of ordinary understanding.

2. Why should a man read books?
Ans. According to Bacon, a man should read a book so that he can think carefully about the contents of the book and then judge it.

3. To which age does Bacon belong?
Ans. Francis Bacon belongs to the Renaissance Age.

4. What does Renaissance mean?
Ans. Renaissance means ‘re-birth’ or ‘revival’. It was a revolution which revived the spirit of Greek and Latin learning, and broke down the rigid conventions of the Middle Age.

5. What is antithesis?
Ans. Antithesis is a rhetorical figure in which two ideas are directly opposed and the opposing ideas must be presented in a grammatically parallel way.

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Abraham Lincoln

1. How does Lincoln define democracy?
Ans. Lincoln defines democracy as the government of the people, by the people and for the people.

2. Who does the speech ‘Gettysburg Address’ honour?
Ans. The speech ‘Gettysburg Address’ honours those who died in the battle of Gettysburg.

3. What is the main idea of Abraham Lincoln’s famous speech ‘Gettysburg Address’?
Ans. The main idea of the ‘Gettysburg Address’ is that the dead should be remembered by the living through their recommitment to the ideals of liberty and equality.

4. Which battlefield does Lincoln mean/ refer to when he says ‘We are met on a great battlefield of that war’?
Or, What is the name of the battlefield Lincoln talks about in his speech ‘Gettysburg Address’?
Ans. The name of the battlefield is Gettysburg.

5. What does Abraham Lincoln mean by ‘unfinished task’ in his speech ‘Gettysburg Address’?
Ans. By ‘unfinished task’ Lincoln means task of ensuring liberty and equality for all irrespective of their colour or origin.

Rabindranath Tagore

1. When and why did Rabindranath Tagore reject his Knighthood/ renounce his award?
Ans. Rabindranath Tagore relinquished the title of Knighthood in 1919 as a protest against the Massacre of Amritsar, where British troops killed some 400 Indian demonstrators.

2. When did Rabindranath Tagore write the letter to the Viceroy Lord Chelmsford renouncing the title of Knighthood?
Ans. On 31 May, 1919 Tagore wrote his most famous letter to Lord Chelmsford, the Viceroy of India, renouncing the Knighthood.

3. What, according to Rabindranath Tagore, is without parallel in the history of civilized governments?
Ans. The brutal killing of ‘unarmed and resourceless’ people by the British Raj in Jalianwallahbag of Amritsar, popularly known as the Jalianwallahbag massacre, is without parallel in the history of civilized governments.

4. What, according to Rabindranath Tagore, did Jalianwa-Hahbag massacre reveal to the minds of the Indian people?
Ans. The Jalianwallahbag massacre revealed to the Indian minds the helplessness of their position as British subjects in India.

5. What historical incident inspired Rabindranath Tagore to reject Knighthood?
Ans. The historical incidence of the Jalianwallahbag massacre, also known as the Massacre of Amritsar, which took place on 13 April 1919, inspired Rabindranath Tagore to reject Knighthood.

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Martin Luther King, Jr

1. Who was Martin Luther King Junior?
Ans. Martin Luther King, Jr. was an American clergyman, and prominent leader in the African American civil rights movement.

2. Where did Martin Luther King deliver his speech ‘I Have a Dream’?
Ans. Martin Luther King delivered his speech ‘ I Have a Dream’ at the climax of a march from the Washington Monument to the Lincoln Memorial in Washington D.C.

3. What is an anaphora?
Ans. An anaphora is the repetition of the same word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses.

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4. Who are the ‘veterans of creative suffering’ according to Martin Luther King?
Ans. According to Martin Luther King the black people who have been unjustly imprisoned and who have been ‘battered by the storms of persecution and staggered by the winds of police brutality’ are the veterans of creative suffering.

5. What did Martin Luther King demand in his famous speech ‘I Have a Dream’?
Ans. In ‘I Have a Dream’, Martin Luther King, Jr. called for racial equality and an end to discrimination against the black people in America.

Nelson Mandela

1. What type of writing is Long Walk to Freedom?
Ans. Long Walk to Freedom is an autobiographical writing of Nelson Mandela.

2. What did Mandela promise in his inauguration?
Ans. In his inauguration, Mandela promised to obey and uphold the constitution and to devote himself to the well-being of the republic and its people.

3. Who gave him the name ‘Nelson’?
Ans. At primary school, Mandela’s teacher Miss Mdingane gave him the Christian name, ‘Nelson’ according to the custom of the school.

4. Why was he expelled from the university?
Ans. He was expelled from the University for joining a student protest.

5. What is Rivonia trial?
Ans. In October 1963 he joined with ten others on trial for sabotage that is known as Rivonia trial.

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Somerset Maugham

1. What type of writing is The Luncheon?
Ans. The Luncheon is a remarkable short story of William Somerset Maugham.

2. Who is the writer of the story?
Ans. William Somerset Maugham has written the famous short story, The Luncheon.

3. What is the meaning of ‘Luncheon’?
Ans. The word ‘luncheon’ means a ‘light snack’, but as we can see in the story, a light snack turns to be an abundant and expensive meal.

4. Who was the guest of the author at lunch?
Ans. A lady of forty who was an admirer of the author’s writing was the guest of the writer.

5. When did the author first meet the lady?
Ans. Twenty years ago, when the author was living in Paris, he first met the lady at a luncheon at Foyot’s.

O’ Henry

1. What type of writing is The Gift of the Magi?
Ans. The Gift of the Magi is a short story written by O’ Henry.

2. What is the nationality of O’ Henry?
Ans. O’ Henry is a famous American short story writer.

3. Who are the Magi in the story, The Gift of the Magi? Why?
Ans. In the story, The Gift of the Magi, Della and Jim are compared to the Magi for their sacrificial act of offering gift to the other by losing their most valuable possessions.

4. What gift did the Magi bring for the baby Christ?
Ans. According to the Bible, the Magi following a guiding star brought with them gold, frankincense, and myrrh for the baby Christ.

5. How much could Della save for the gift? And how?
Ans. All together, Della could save one dollar and eighty seven cents by making hard bargain with the grocer and the vegetable man and the butcher in her everyday shopping.

James Joyce

1. Where was North Richmond Street?
Ans. North Richmond Street was in Dublin.

2. How does the narrator watch Mangan’s sister?
Ans. The narrator watches Mangan’s sister secretly, hiding him behind window curtain.

3. What does chalice mean?
Ans. Chalice was the cup from which Christ had his last supper. It was the Holy Grail for which the knights of the Medieval age made perilous adventures.

4. What is the first thing the girl says to the narrator?
Ans. She asks him if he is going to the bazaar.

5. What is a retreat?
Ans. A retreat is a period at the Catholic Convent devoted entirely to religious observance.

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Katherine Mansfield

1. Who is the central character of ‘The Garden Party’?
Ans. Laura Sheridan is the central character of ‘The Garden Party’.

2. Who was the brother of Laura?
Ans. Laurie was the brother of Laura.

3. To what the children of Sheridan were compared?
Ans. The children of Sheridan were compared to the karakas.

4. What was Scott?
Ans. Scott, a neighbor of the Sheridans, was a carter.

5. How did Scott die?
Ans. Scott died in an accident.

Anita Desai

1. Who is the centre character of ‘Games at Twilight’?
Ans. Ravi is the centre character of ‘Games at Twilight.’

2. Who became ‘It’ in the hide and seek game?
Ans. Raghu, ‘the football champion’ became the ‘It’ in the hide and seek game.

3. What was the shed used for?
Ans. The shed was used as a store-house of broken furniture and other unnecessary things.

4. What ‘would be thrilling beyond imagination’ to Ravi?
Ans. To defeat Raghu and to be winner in a circle of older, bigger, luckier children in the game of hide and seek would be thrilling beyond imagination to Ravi.

5. Why did Ravi’s fear in the shed vanish?
Ans. In the shed Ravi was frightened initially but the thought of the impending victory in the hide and seek game vanished his all fear.

Ernest Hemingway

1. What has forced/ compelled the American couple to stay in the hotel room?
Ans. The rainy weather has forced / compelled the American couple to stay in the hotel room.

2. What does the ‘spring’ stand for in Hemingway’s short story ‘Cat in the Rain’?
Ans. The spring stands for happiness and fulfillment in the life of the couple. The couple probably had good times in their life before their marriage turns into an arid one.

3. Why does Hemingway refer to American wife as ‘girl’ in ‘Cat in the Rain’?
Ans. In the short story ‘Cat in the Rain’, Hemingway refers to American wife as ‘girl’ instead of ‘wife’ probably to indicate that she, though married to a man, is still immature. There is something childlike about the American wife.

4. What does the ‘empty square’ suggest/ stand for in Hemingway’s short story ‘Cat in the Rain’?
Ans. From the hotel room in which the American couple is staying an ‘empty square’ can be seen. It suggests a sense of aridity and barrenness. It also suggests the isolation and emotional emptiness for the couple.

5. Why does the American wife like the hotel-keeper in Hemingway’s short story ‘Cat in the Rain’?
Ans. The American wife likes the hotelkeeper because he wants to serve her. It gives her the feeling to be grown up, to be important and to be treated like a lady.

Novel : Silas Marner

1. What is the real name of George Eliot?
Ans. Mary Ann Evans.

2. Why did George Eliot use a male pen name?
Ans. She used a male pen name to ensure her works would be taken seriously. Female authors were published under their own names during Eliot’s life, but she wanted to escape the stereotype of women only writing light-hearted romances. An additional factor in her use of a pen name may have been a desire to shield her private life from public scrutiny and to prevent scandals attending her relationship with the married George Henry Lewes, with whom she lived for over 20 years.

3. What is the full title of the novel Silas Marner?
Ans. The full title of the novel is ‘Silas Marner: The Weaver of Raveloe’.

4. What kind of novel is Silas Marner?
Ans. It is a novel of manners.

5. Who is the protagonist of the novel Silas Marner?
Ans. Silas Marner

Part-B : Short Questions
Francis Bacon

1. What is pragmatism? Write with reference to ‘Of Studies’.
2. How according to Bacon, does reading make a full man?
3. Why is Bacon called a utilitarian writer?
4. What according to Bacon, are the purposes of studies?

Abraham Lincoln

1. What according to Lincoln, are the responsibilities of the living Americans?
2. What, according to Lincoln, are the unfinished tasks?
3. What is the background of Lincoln’s ‘Gettysburg Address’?
4. Reproduce in your own words the speech Abraham Lincoln delivered at Gettysburg.
5. What does Lincoln mean by ‘new birth of freedom’?

Tagore

1. Write a short note on Tagore’s patriotism.
2. Why did Tagore reject his Knighthood?
3. What do you know about Jallianwala Bagh massacre?
4. How does Tagore depict the colonial rule in his letter to Chelmsford?

George Orwell

1. What does the elephant, signify in ‘Shooting an Elephant’?
2. How, according to Orwell, did an English man destroy his freedom?
3. What happened after the elephant had been killed/ What was the reaction among the Europeans after shooting the elephant.
4. How did the local people/ Burmese treat the Europeans?
5. Why does Orwell hesitate to shoot the elephant?
6. Why did Orwell shoot the elephant?
7. ‘A sahib has got to act like a sahib’ -Explain this line with reference to the context.

Martin Luther King Jr.

1. Who is Martin Luther King Jr.?
2. Describe the historical significance of ‘I Have a Dream’ speech?
3. What was the dream of Martin Luther King Jr.?
4. What discriminations between the white and the black does Luther King find?
5. What is the American Dream? Explain.

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